Labor Probability Calculator

Enter your due date and clinical profile to generate a personalized, day-by-day chart showing when spontaneous labor is most likely to begin — based on published evidence.

Day-by-day probability curve Adjusted for 10+ clinical factors Evidence-based · 14 peer-reviewed sources Week-by-week probability table
Designed for clinicians and patients · obmd.com · Amos Grünebaum, MD
Created by Professor Amos Grünebaum, MD
Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology in New York. Published on ObGyn Intelligence and LiveEvidence.com.
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Important Limitations

Please read carefully before using this calculator. You must acknowledge these limitations to proceed.

What this calculator does

This tool estimates the statistical probability of spontaneous labor onset based on population-level data combined from multiple published studies. Risk factor adjustments are derived from individual studies with differing populations, designs, endpoints, and time periods. Combining these effect sizes introduces methodological uncertainty. The estimates are illustrative of population patterns — not a precision forecast for any individual pregnancy.

This calculator assumes a low-risk pregnancy. It does NOT account for any of the following conditions — all of which may require delivery before spontaneous labor occurs:
  • Preeclampsia / hypertensive disorders
  • Gestational diabetes (GDM)
  • Pregestational diabetes (Type 1 or 2)
  • Prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM)
  • Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)
  • Placenta previa or low-lying placenta
  • Placental abruption
  • Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR / FGR)
  • Fetal macrosomia (>4,000–4,500 g)
  • Oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios
  • Non-vertex fetal presentation
  • Chorioamnionitis / intrauterine infection
  • Uterine anomalies (fibroids, bicornuate, septate)
  • Prior uterine surgery or myomectomy
  • Prior cesarean delivery (VBAC considerations)
  • Thyroid disorders (hypo- or hyperthyroidism)
  • Chronic hypertension
  • Renal disease
  • Autoimmune conditions (SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome)
  • Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP)
  • Fetal anomalies or chromosomal aneuploidy
  • Cervical insufficiency / cerclage in place
  • Monoamniotic or monochorionic-monoamniotic twins
  • Smoking, substance use, or alcohol exposure
  • Conception by assisted reproductive technology (IVF/ICSI)
Methodological limitations
  • Risk factor adjustments are derived from separate published studies that do not share populations, adjustment sets, or endpoints.
  • No single validated individual-level prediction model exists that incorporates all parameters used here.
  • Effect sizes are approximated as day-shifts; the true relationship between each covariate and labor timing is non-linear and interdependent.
  • Population-level data are drawn primarily from U.S., Scandinavian, and Australian cohorts and may not generalize to all populations.
  • This tool models spontaneous labor only. It does not predict or account for planned inductions or scheduled cesarean deliveries.
  • Probability estimates assume expectant management throughout — no planned intervention.
This tool does not replace clinical judgment

This calculator does not replace clinical assessment, obstetric ultrasound, fetal monitoring, or the judgment of a qualified obstetric provider. Delivery timing decisions must be individualized based on the complete clinical picture. If any condition listed above is present, consult your provider — do not rely on this tool.

Limitations acknowledged. Population-level estimates only — does not replace clinical judgment.
Pregnancy Details

Start with the essential information. Today's date is auto-filled.

Enter your due date to see gestational age
Pregnancy Type
Parity — Number of Prior Births

Each prior birth modestly shifts labor earlier. The largest change occurs between the 1st and 2nd pregnancy. Grand multiparity (≥5 births) carries additional risks not captured here.

Prior Cesarean Delivery

A uterine scar does not prevent spontaneous labor onset, but has critical implications for delivery planning. Uterine rupture risk with spontaneous labor is ~5.2 per 1,000 (vs 1.6/1,000 with elective repeat cesarean). This tool estimates timing only — it does not assess VBAC candidacy.

Limitations acknowledged. Population-level estimates only.
Clinical Risk Factors

These factors are backed by published evidence and will shift your probability curve.

Maternal Age
Age >35 is an independent risk factor for post-term pregnancy (Ref. 3)
Body Mass Index (BMI)
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15UnderweightNormalOverweightObese55
Obstetric History
Prior spontaneous preterm birth (<37 weeks)
Prior spontaneous preterm significantly increases recurrence risk (RR 2.5–3.0, Ref. 4)
Prior post-term pregnancy (>41 weeks)
Prior post-term: OR 3.9 for recurrence (Ref. 6)
Cervical Length Measurement Transvaginal ultrasound · typically 18–24 weeks
Cervical length is the strongest single predictor of spontaneous preterm birth. Measured by transvaginal ultrasound, ideally at 18–24 weeks. A short cervix (<25 mm) significantly increases preterm risk; normal length (>35 mm) is mildly reassuring.
Cervical Exam at Term Digital examination · typically ≥37 weeks

Cervical dilation and effacement at a prenatal visit after 37 weeks are the strongest near-term predictors of spontaneous labor onset. Each centimeter of dilation carries a 50% increase in the hazard of spontaneous labor (aHR 1.5/cm); women >1 cm dilated are 3× more likely to labor spontaneously within the week. Effacement adds independent predictive value. For labor progress modeling using dilation, station, effacement and contraction data, see Hamilton, Romero et al. AJOG 2024. · Rosenbloom et al. AJOG 2019 · Hamilton, Romero et al. AJOG 2024

Other Factors
Regular late-pregnancy exercise
Modest association with slightly earlier labor onset (~1–2 days, Ref. 7)
Gestational diabetes (GDM)
GDM increases likelihood of earlier indicated delivery and spontaneous labor shift
Your Labor Probability Chart

Personalized day-by-day probability based on your inputs.

Probability of going into labor
In the next
7 days
In the next
14 days
In the next
21 days
In the next
28 days
Estimated median delivery
Preterm risk (<37 weeks)
Daily Labor Probability — From Today
Daily chance of labor
Still pregnant (cumulative)
Due date
How Your Factors Shift the Curve
Week-by-Week Probability Table
Gestational Age Weeks From Today Daily Prob. Still Pregnant
Clinical tool — does not replace clinical judgment. This calculator uses population-level survival models adjusted with published risk factor effect sizes. Individual pregnancies vary widely. Probability estimates assume expectant management with no planned induction. If induction is planned or indicated, actual delivery will differ from these projections. All probability shifts are approximate based on published ORs and relative risks; they are not derived from an individual-level prediction model. Always discuss timing with your obstetric provider.
Evidence Base

Publications and data sources used to build this calculator.

About This Calculator

This tool was created by Professor Amos Grünebaum, MD — Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology. It is published on ObGyn Intelligence (obmd.com) and LiveEvidence.com.

What this tool does

The calculator answers a simple but important question: What is the probability of going into spontaneous labor on any given day — starting from today? It generates a personalized, day-by-day probability chart by combining a population-level survival curve with evidence-based adjustments for your specific clinical profile. The result is conditional: probabilities reflect the chance of labor given that you have not yet delivered, which is statistically and clinically the correct framing.

How the model is built

The baseline timing distribution is calibrated to U.S. and Scandinavian registry data for low-risk singleton pregnancies, with a median near 40 weeks and a realistic right tail extending to 42 weeks. A skewed distribution is used rather than a symmetric normal curve — because the distribution of spontaneous labor is not symmetric: the mode (most common day) falls after the median, and approximately 10% of singleton births occur before 37 weeks, consistent with CDC natality data.

Each clinical factor you enter — BMI, parity, prior preterm or post-term history, cervical length, cervical exam findings, twins, age — applies a day-shift derived from published odds ratios and hazard ratios in peer-reviewed literature. These shifts move the probability curve earlier or later. The chart then displays: (1) the daily probability of labor onset on each specific day, and (2) the cumulative probability of still being pregnant — both starting from today.

Key differences from other online tools

Most labor probability tools use a symmetric normal distribution that predicts fewer than 3% of births before 37 weeks — far below the observed 9–10%. This calculator uses a skewed distribution that correctly reflects real-world preterm birth rates. It also incorporates clinical risk factors derived from published evidence, not just gestational age. Cervical length, dilation, effacement, parity, BMI, and obstetric history all shift the curve based on specific published hazard ratios — not general assumptions.

Publications Used in This Tool
Cervical Length — Roberto Romero et al.
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Hassan SS, Romero R, Berry SM, Dang K, Blackwell SC, Treadwell MC, Wolfe HM. Patients with an ultrasonographic cervical length ≤15 mm have nearly a 50% risk of early spontaneous preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;182(6):1458-1467. Cervical Length — Risk Threshold
6,877 patients; OR for delivery ≤32 weeks: 29.3 for CL ≤10 mm, 9.5 for CL ≤15 mm, 6.2 for CL ≤20 mm, 3.8 for CL ≤25 mm. Establishes the ≤15 mm threshold as conferring ~50% preterm risk.
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Romero R, Nicolaides K, Conde-Agudelo A, Tabor A, O'Brien JM, Cetingoz E, Da Fonseca E, Creasy GW, Klein K, Rode L, Soma-Pillay P, Fusey S, Cam C, Alfirevic Z, Hassan SS. Vaginal progesterone in women with an asymptomatic sonographic short cervix in the midtrimester decreases preterm delivery and neonatal morbidity: a systematic review and metaanalysis of individual patient data. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206(2):124.e1-124.e19. Cervical Length — Progesterone RCT Meta-analysis
IPD meta-analysis of RCTs; vaginal progesterone in women with CL ≤25 mm reduces preterm birth <33 weeks by 45% (RR 0.55; 95% CI 0.38–0.80) and neonatal morbidity. Validates the 25 mm threshold for intervention.
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Romero R, Conde-Agudelo A, Da Fonseca E, O'Brien JM, Cetingoz E, Creasy GW, Hassan SS, Nicolaides KH. Vaginal progesterone for preventing preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcomes in singleton gestations with a short cervix: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218(2):161-180. Cervical Length — Updated IPD Meta-analysis
Updated IPD meta-analysis confirming efficacy after the OPPTIMUM study. Vaginal progesterone (90 mg gel or 200 mg capsule) in singleton pregnancies with CL ≤25 mm significantly reduces preterm birth <33 weeks and composite neonatal morbidity/mortality.
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Gudicha DW, Romero R, Kabiri D, Hernandez-Andrade E, Pacora P, Erez O, Kusanovic JP, Jung E, Paredes C, Berry SM, Yeo L, Hassan SS, Hsu CD, Tarca AL. Personalized assessment of cervical length improves prediction of spontaneous preterm birth: a standard and a percentile calculator. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;224(3):288.e1-288.e17. Cervical Length — Personalized Risk Calculator
Perinatology Research Branch (NICHD/NIH). Demonstrates that a single universal CL cutoff is suboptimal; a percentile-based customized standard incorporating gestational age and maternal characteristics improves prediction of spontaneous preterm birth.
Cervical Exam at Term — Dilation & Effacement
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Rosenbloom JI, Raghuraman N, Temming LA, Stout MJ, Macones GA, Cahill AG. Using cervical dilation to predict spontaneous labor onset at term: a tool for elective induction counseling. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221(4):355.e1-355.e9. Dilation → Labor Onset
726 term women; Cox survival analysis. aHR 1.5 per cm dilation (95% CI 1.4–1.7); women >1 cm were 3× more likely to labor spontaneously (aHR 3.1; 95% CI 2.4–4.0). At 40 weeks, 81% of women with >1 cm dilation labored spontaneously in the following week. Primary source for the dilation shift calculation in this tool.
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Hamilton EF, Zhoroev T, Warrick PA, Tarca AL, Garite TJ, Caughey AB, Melillo J, Prasad M, Neilson D, Singson P, McKay K, Romero R. New labor curves of dilation and station to improve the accuracy of predicting labor progress. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2024;231(1):1-18. Dilation + Station + Effacement — Romero
Romero R co-author. Longitudinal cohort of 8,022 births. Multifactor model (dilation, effacement, station, prior dilation, contraction counts, epidural, induction) reduces labor progress prediction error by >50% vs. time-alone models. Confirms effacement as an independent contributor alongside dilation and station. Validated externally.
Exercise
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Pereira IB, Silva R, Ayres-de-Campos D, Clode N. Physical exercise at term for enhancing the spontaneous onset of labor. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2020;252:181-186. Exercise
Regular late-pregnancy exercise: modest association with earlier spontaneous labor onset (~1–2 days)
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Iams JD, Goldenberg RL, Meis PJ, Mercer BM, Moawad A, Das A, Thom E, McNellis D, Copper RL, Johnson F, Roberts JM; NICHD MFMU Network. The length of the cervix and the risk of spontaneous premature delivery. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(9):567-572. Cervical Length — Foundational NEJM
Landmark prospective cohort; cervical length measured at 24 and 28 weeks as a continuous predictor of preterm birth. Risk increases non-linearly below 25 mm; 10th percentile (~26 mm) associated with RR 6.19 for delivery <35 weeks.
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Caughey AB, Nicholson JM, Washington AE. First vs. second-trimester ultrasound: the effect on pregnancy dating and perinatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198(6):703.e1-703.e6. Baseline Labor Timing
Population-level labor timing distribution; median 39+4 wks for nulliparas, 39+2 for multiparas
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Arrowsmith S, Wray S, Quenby S. Maternal obesity and labour complications following induction of labour in prolonged pregnancy. BJOG. 2011;118(5):578-588. BMI Factor
BMI >25: OR 0.71 for spontaneous labor onset (95% CI 0.69–0.74); BMI >30: OR 0.57
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Morken N-H, Klungsøyr K, Skjærven R. Perinatal mortality by gestational week and size at birth in term and post-term births. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2014;93(5):523-528. Age & Parity
Nulliparity and age >35: additive independent risk factors for post-term pregnancy
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Murray SR, Stock SJ, Cowan S, Cooper ES, Norman JE. Spontaneous preterm birth prevention in multiple pregnancy. Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;20(1):57-63. Twins timing: Blondel B, Kogan MD, Alexander GR, et al. The impact of the increasing number of multiple births on the rates of preterm birth and low birthweight. Am J Public Health. 2002;92(8):1323-1330. Twin Pregnancy
60% of twins deliver <37 weeks; median spontaneous labor at 36–37 weeks vs. 39–40 weeks singletons
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Morken N-H, Melve KK, Skjærven R. Recurrence of prolonged and post-term gestational age across generations. BJOG. 2011;118(13):1630-1635. Post-term History
Prior post-term pregnancy: OR 3.9 (95% CI 3.2–4.8) for recurrent prolonged gestation